HEAD(Station 1-10)
NECK(Station 1-10)
THORAX(Station 1-11)
ABDOMEN(Station 1-10)
UPPER LIMB (Station 1-10)
LOWER LIMB(Station 1-11)

HEAD

OSCE
Station 9

BRAIN

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  • Central sulcus (Fissure of Rolando): Separates the  frontal and parietal lobes
  • Lateral sulcus (Fissure of Sylvius): Separates the frontal and temporal lobes
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus: Separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe
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Identify the following parts of the brain on the image

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  • Precentral gyrus (lies in front of central sulcus): Primary motor area
  • Postcentral gyrus (lies behind central sulcus): Primary sensory cortical areas
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  • In front of the precentral gyrus, the frontal lobe is divided into three gyri: the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri.

    Note: The inferior frontal gyrus contains Broca’s Area which is responsible for speech.

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Below the lateral sulcus the temporal lobe is divided into three gyri: the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

Note: The superior temporal gyrus contains Wernicke’s Area which is responsible for language comprehension. 

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The parietal lobe contains the postcentral gyrus and is divided into the superior parietal lobe and inferior parietal lobe by the intraparietal sulcus.

Identify the following parts of the brain on the image

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  • Frontal lobe     :    Conscious thought, reasoning, planning, emotions.
  • Temporal lobe  :    Memory, speech, perception and recognition of auditory                                 stimuli.
  • Parietal lobe    :    Orientation, perception of stimuli, movement.
  • Occipital lobe  :    Visual processing.
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Identify the following arteries on the image.

The brain derives its blood supply from the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries.
The terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries are the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The two anterior cerebral arteries are connected together via the anterior communicating arteries.
The vertebral arteries arise in the root of the neck, ascend cranially and unite at the caudal border of the pons to form the basilar artery. The basilar artery ascends and divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries. The later join the termination of the internal carotid arteries to form the circle of Willis.

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The venous drainage of the cerebrum is by the superficial and deep systems. The superficial system, composed of dural venous sinuses (the most important is the superior saggital sinus), form the confluence of sinuses. From here, two transverse sinuses bifurcate into the sigmoid sinuses which form the two jugular veins.

 

The deep venous drainage system joins behind the midbrain to form the vein of Galen. This vein merges with the inferior saggital sinus to form the straight sinus and joins the superficial venous system.

 

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  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Transverse sinus
  • Confluence of sinuses
  • Sigmoid sinus
  • Occipital sinus
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Superior petrosal sinus
  • Inferior petrosal sinus
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