HEAD(Station 1-10)
NECK(Station 1-10)
THORAX(Station 1-11)
ABDOMEN(Station 1-10)
UPPER LIMB (Station 1-10)
LOWER LIMB(Station 1-11)

HEAD

OSCE
Station 1

Scalp

Identify the layers in the diagram below

"The blood supply lies within the connective tissue layer. "
"The arterial supply to the scalp from anterior midline to posterior midline is:
  • Supratrochlear artery : Branch of ophthalmic artery
  • Supraorbital artery : Branch of ophthalmic artery
  • Zygomaticotemporal artery : Branch of lacrimal artery
  • Superficial temporal artery : Branch of external carotid artery
  • Posterior auricular artery : Branch of external carotid artery
  • Occipital artery : Branch of external carotid artery
"
"The scalp is drained by veins with corresponding names as the arteries of the scalp. Externally, they are collected facial, retromandibular and posterior auricular veind which which eventually drain into external jugular and internal jugular veins. Intracranially, they connect with the diploic veins in the calvarium and the intracranaial venous sinuses by valveless emissary veins. "

Identify the following nerves and arteries in the diagram below:

"Scalp lacerations can bleed profusely due to its rich blood supply. Lacerations deeper to the aponeurosis can gape and result in difficulty in wound closure. Approximation by primary wound closure is often difficult due to the inelastic nature of the scalp, frequently requiring undermining of the adjacent tissue. Larger defects, such as those following excision of a lesion, may require skin graft or local flap reconstruction. "
"Unlike the forehead and face where superficial lacerations can be repaired using glue or steri-strips, the majority of scalp lacerations will extend to the aponeurosis and will require suturing. Sutures will need to remain for 5-7 days before their removal to ensure that the wound has healed sufficiently. There are specific indications for the use of staples such as following cranial surgery. "
"If a single layered closure is sufficient, a non-absorbable suture material is preferable (3-0 or 4-0 polypropylene or nylon). For deeper wounds, a two layered closure may be necessary. Typically a 3-0 or 4-0 absorbable suture is used for the deep layer and a 3-0 or 4-0 non-absorbable suture is used for the superficial layer. "
"As the emissary veins have no valves, scalp infections can spread intracranially via the venous system affecting the dural venous sinuses such as cavernous sinus. This is also true of superficial infections affecting the face. "
"The scalp skin has large numbers of sebaceous glands and is therefore prone to formation of sebaceous cysts. Ulcerative or nodulo-ulcerative lesions may however be cutaneous malignancies such as basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. "