Sensory Processing DifficultiesThis is a general term meaning that the challenges a person may face, could be due to how the brain is processing information received from the senses. All the incoming information to the brain comes via the senses, so you really need a bit more information, as all it essentially means is that the difficulties are due to how the brain processes the incoming information from the senses, which is not specific enough to mean much. The researchers examined how the distribution of NAA in the frontal and parietal lobes related to fluid intelligence and found that energy metabolism in the left lateralized frontal-parietal brain region predicts fluid intelligence. For this study, the Beckman researchers used magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to measure N-acetyl aspartate (NAA). NAA is a biochemical marker used to gauge the neural energy production within specific brain regions.
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This had left him subject topost-traumatic epilepsy, and in 1938 it was decided to operate to remove theirritant intracranial scar tissue which was causing his fits. The resultingpartial bilateral frontal lobotomy removed “one third of the mass of thefrontal lobes” (p427) approximately the white stippled area in Figure 3.Here are some observations from the subsequent case notes ….. At CVI Scotland we are devoted to helping people understand cerebral visual impairments, cerebrumiq and together working towards developing the understanding of this complex condition. Intellectual DisabilityIntellectual Disability was previously called Mental Retardation.
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Frontal processing, in other words, often includes thesort of “insightful problem solving” once so popular withworkers such as Maier, and Duncker. TheWord Fluency Test (WFT) was introduced by Goodglass and Kaplan (1972)and promoted by Benton and Hamsher (1976), and measures how many words a patientcan generate beginning with a given letter of the alphabet in a measuredminute. The usual stimulus letters are F, A, and S, and the underlying theoryimplicates our old friend the semantic network glossary; further discussion,thus …..
- The cortex is highly folded, which increases the surface area, allowing for more neurons and connections.
- The cause is not known, the purpose is not known, and whether the person has any control over the behaviour is not known.
- This can lead to the person becoming very particular about things not being moved, to the point where the behaviour may be considered obsessive.
- Anothersorting task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) glossary wasdeveloped in 1948 (Berg, 1948; Grant and Berg, 1948), and subsequently modifiedin 1976 as the MCST glossary (Nelson,1976).
- It is an observation of repetitive body movements, that is all we really know at present, although there are many theories.
- Habituation is a kind of learned response where organisms learn to ignore unimportant stimuli (i.e. they know that they are not dangerous or do not offer any reward) after repeated exposure.
Thepoint was that Bianchi’s (1922) five areas of deficit usually tended toco-occur, more or less, in patient after patient and therefore qualified forthe medical descriptor “syndrome”, and so “frontal lobesyndrome” was born. Admittedly, alot of sensory information is processed at the various segments of the spinalcord, but this is only for reflex or biomechanical purposes (balance, say, ormultiple limb coordination), and as soon as any “higher function” isneeded the information is routed instead “rostrally”- forwards – to the brain. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an ambitious target, set in 1990, to sequence the entire DNA found in humans. Scientists are able to use the database to identify genes and proteins which are implicated in disease.
Following a review ofthe literature on hemispheric differences, Goldberg, Podell, and Lovell (1994)have suggested the following principle of hemispheric specialisation ….. Daigneaultet al then exposed 259 normal adults to seven selected frontal lobe tests, anda factor analysis of the results revealed five “prefrontal functionalconstructs”, as follows ….. Lezak is another who has pointed to the problems of assessing executivefunctions (eg. Lezak, 1982).
The areas of the brain which light up on the fMRI scan will indicate the brain regions which are involved in facial recognition. FMRI scans are also used in medical diagnosis since they show damaged and diseased parts of the brain. Global Developmental Delay (GDD)Where the term Global Developmental Delay is used, this means that the difficulties are across the whole of development. In practice, this means that many, or more than one area of development is either delayed or not typical. Difficulties across many areas can all get very muddled, and you need to help separate what is causing difficulties and why, to try to match the support for the person. Foe this term the word ‘delay’ is arguably not a good choice, because affected people may not necessarily catch up.See Developmental Delay, above.
- Forher part, Goldman-Rakic has resurrected Jacobsen’s delayed response paradigm,but with the added sophistication of modern electrode technology to monitor theelectrical behaviour of single neurons in the prefrontal cortex.
- In my mind, fluid intelligence works best when people share their hypotheses with others before they have firmly solidified into rock-hard crystallized knowledge.
- As humans evolved, the skull also adapted to accommodate the growing brain size.
- I’m genuinely fascinated to see what emerges from this study, not least because it will add to a lot of new scientific research which is currently going on into the human brain.
- After making a pot of very strong coffee, I spent about a half hour in an intense cerebral state with laser-focus on trying to understand the nitty-gritty explicit details of the empirical science included in the study using purely crystallized intelligence.